Posição prona em pacientes em ventilação espontânea com insuficiência respiratória por COVID-19: relato de caso / Prone position in patients in spontaneous ventilation with respiratory failure by COVID-19: case report

A Posição Prona (PP) geralmente é utilizada em casos de Insuficiência Respiratória Aguda (IRpA) grave, em pacientes com Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória Aguda (SARA) e em ventilação mecânica invasiva, com o objetivo de melhorar a oxigenação. Entretanto, pode ser útil em casos de IRpA leve secundária ao COVID -19 reduzindo a necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva e as complicações associadas ao ventilador. OBJETIVO: Descrever o relato de caso do uso da posição prona (PP) em pacientes em ventilação espontânea com Insuficiência Respiratória Leve secundária ao COVID-19. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um relato de caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de COVID-19, com IRpA leve, com dispneia, tosse, hipoxemia e dessaturação, que dentre as técnicas de tratamento utilizou um protocolo de posição prona por períodos de duas horas, duas vezes ao dia, durante todo o período de internação. RESULTADOS: O paciente apresentou hipoxemia (SPO2 -94% e PO2- 62,9), associada a dispneia (Borg 6) na admissão, tendo apresentado melhora na dispneia (Borg 4) e saturação na oximetria de pulso de 96% após 24 horas de início do protocolo. Após 48 horas apresentou melhora gasométrica com valores e SPO2 e PO2 de 96,5% e 80,6 mmHg respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A posição prona em pacientes em ventilação espontânea, com insuficiência respiratória leve secundária ao COVID-19 é segura e pode ser utilizada como terapia adjuvante ao tratamento desse perfil de pacientes.

The Prone Position (PP) is generally used in cases of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency (IRPA), in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and in invasive mechanical ventilation, in order to improve oxygenation, but it can be used useful in cases of mild IRPA, using the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and complications associated with the ventilator. OBJECTIVES: To describe or report the case of using the prone position (PP) in patients with spontaneous ventilation with mild respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. METHODS: this is a case of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19, with an IRPA level, with dyspnea, cough, hypoxemia and desaturation, which includes treatment techniques that use a prone position protocol for two hours, twice a day for the entire hospital stay. RESULTS: The patient presented hypoxemia (SpO2 -94% and PO2- 62.9), associated with a food (Borg 6) on admission, having received improvements in food (Borg 4) and 96% saturation in pulse oximetry after 24 hours from the beginning of the protocol and after 48 hours it improves the gasometric and SpO2 and PaO2 values of 96.5% and 80.6 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prone position in patients on spontaneous ventilation, with respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 is safe and can be used as adjunctive therapy to treatment in this patient profile.

Mobility decline in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. / Declínio da mobilidade dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variation in mobility during hospitalization in an intensive care unit and its association with hospital mortality. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in an intensive care unit. The inclusion criteria included patients admitted with an independence score of ≥ 4 for both bed-chair transfer and locomotion, with the score based on the Functional Independence Measure. Patients with cardiac arrest and/or those who died during hospitalization were excluded. To measure the loss of mobility, the value obtained at discharge was calculated and subtracted from the value obtained on admission, which was then divided by the admission score and recorded as a percentage. RESULTS: The comparison of these two variables indicated that the loss of mobility during hospitalization was 14.3% (p < 0.001). Loss of mobility was greater in patients hospitalized for more than 48 hours in the intensive care unit (p < 0.02) and in patients who used vasopressor drugs (p = 0.041). However, the comparison between subjects aged 60 years or older and those younger than 60 years indicated no significant differences in the loss of mobility (p = 0.332), reason for hospitalization (p = 0.265), SAPS 3 score (p = 0.224), use of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.117), or hospital mortality (p = 0.063). CONCLUSION: There was loss of mobility during hospitalization in the intensive care unit. This loss was greater in patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours and in those who used vasopressors; however, the causal and prognostic factors associated with this decline need to be elucidated.

Treinamento muscular inspiratório e desmame ventilatório de paciente com síndrome pós-pólio / Inspiratory muscle training and ventilation weaning in patient with post-polio syndrome

A síndrome pós-pólio (SPP) é a recidiva dos sintomas da poliomielite anterior aguda (PAA), e o quadro é caracterizado por fraqueza muscular flácida assimétrica, com frequente comprometimento respiratório e de deglutição, além dos distúrbios de sono. O presente estudo relata o caso de uma paciente idosa, em ventilação mecânica domiciliar. Investiu-se no treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) com Powerbreathe® por 30 repetições por 2 vezes ao dia, durante 4 semanas, associado a um programa de exercícios físicos. Tal estratégia apresentou como desfecho o desmame da ventilação mecânica (VM), assim como melhora concomitante na Pimax e Mensuração de Independência Funcional (MIF), retornando ao final deste curto programa de reabilitação a realizar atividades laborais em domicílio. O presente relato de caso conclui que o emprego da TMI em pacientes com SPP pode ser uma estratégia promissora para o desmame ventilatório. (AU)

The post-polio syndrome (PPS) is the recurrence of the symptoms of acute anterior poliomyelitis (AAP), and characterized by asymmetrical flaccid muscle weakness, with respiratory and swallowing impairment, in addition to sleep disorders. The present study reports the case of an elderly patient in home mechanical ventilation. We invested in inspiratory muscle training (IMT) ® with Powerbreathe for 30 repetitions, twice daily, during 4 weeks, associated with a program of physical exercise. This strategy showed weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV), as well as a concomitant improvement in Pimax and Functional Independence Measure (FIM), returning at the end of this short rehabilitation program to perform work activities at home. This case study concludes that the use of IMT in patients with PPS may be a promising strategy for weaning. (AU)